{"id":9142,"date":"2026-01-27T07:50:00","date_gmt":"2026-01-27T07:50:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bangbang.md\/?p=9142"},"modified":"2026-01-27T07:50:59","modified_gmt":"2026-01-27T07:50:59","slug":"holocaustul-si-victimele-uitate-lesbiene-persoane-trans-si-romi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bangbang.md\/ru\/2026\/01\/27\/holocaustul-si-victimele-uitate-lesbiene-persoane-trans-si-romi\/","title":{"rendered":"Holocaustul \u0219i victimele uitate: lesbiene, persoane trans \u0219i romi"},"content":{"rendered":"

Pe 27 ianuarie marc\u0103m Ziua Interna\u021bional\u0103 a Comemor\u0103rii Holocaustului, un moment care ne aminte\u0219te de persecu\u021bia sistematic\u0103 \u0219i distrugerea provocat\u0103 de regimul nazist \u00eempotriva diverselor grupuri de oameni \u00eentre 1933 \u0219i 1945. De\u0219i Holocaustul este adesea asociat doar cu genocidul evreilor, victimele sale includ \u0219i persoanele trans, lesbienele, gay, romi, persoane cu dizabilit\u0103\u021bi \u0219i opozan\u021bi politici.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

O istorie a persecu\u021biei<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Sub regimul nazist, comunitatea LGBTQ+ a fost brutal persecutat\u0103. Una dintre primele m\u0103suri a fost \u00eenchiderea organiza\u021biilor queer, a presei \u0219i a locurilor de \u00eent\u00e2lnire printr-un decret emis la 23 februarie 1933. Mai t\u00e2rziu, la 28 iunie 1935, nazi\u0219tii au revizuit paragraful 175 din Codul Penal Imperial, care incrimina rela\u021biile \u00eentre b\u0103rba\u021bi. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
\u00cen cadrul sistemului de lag\u0103re de concentrare, se foloseau triunghiuri de culori diferite pentru diferitele categorii de prizonieri. Prizonierii trebuiau adesea s\u0103 poarte pe haine un petic triunghiular \u00een culoarea corespunz\u0103toare. Acest lucru \u00eei f\u0103cea imediat recognoscibili ca membri ai unui anumit grup de prizonieri. (Surs\u0103 poz\u0103: https:\/\/arolsen-archives.org\/)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Lesbienele \u0219i politicile naziste <\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Regimul nazist nu a incriminat niciodat\u0103 rela\u021biile sexuale \u00eentre femei. Cu toate acestea, nu au f\u0103cut acest lucru deoarece regimul le considera pe lesbiene diferite fa\u021b\u0103 de b\u0103rba\u021bii homosexuali. De ce s-a \u00eent\u00e2mplat acest lucru?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Regimul nazist le considera pe lesbiene, \u00een primul r\u00e2nd, femei. Nazi\u0219tii credeau c\u0103 femeile germane aveau o sarcin\u0103 special\u0103 de \u00eendeplinit: maternitatea. Iat\u0103 de ce, nazi\u0219tii nu au creat politici separate care s\u0103 identifice lesbienele ca fiind o problem\u0103 pentru procrearea arien\u0103. Ra\u021bionamentul lor se baza pe atitudini r\u0103sp\u00e2ndite cu privire la diferen\u021bele dintre sexualitatea masculin\u0103 \u0219i cea feminin\u0103. Nazi\u0219tii au concluzionat c\u0103 lesbiene ariene puteau fi u\u0219or convinse sau for\u021bate s\u0103 nasc\u0103 copii.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

O mare parte a societ\u0103\u021bii germane le considera pe lesbiene ca fiind marginale. Ele erau expuse unui risc mai mare de a fi denun\u021bate \u0219i apoi vizate de regimul nazist.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lesbienele au r\u0103spuns diferit politicilor naziste. De exemplu, lesbienele ariene aveau mult mai multe op\u021biuni dec\u00e2t lesbienele evreice sau rome, care, mai presus de toate, se confruntau cu persecu\u021bii din motive rasiale. Lesbienele ariene, \u00een special cele cu resurse financiare, puteau \u00eencerca s\u0103-\u0219i ascund\u0103 sexualitatea \u0219i s\u0103 se conformeze \u00een aparen\u021b\u0103. Unele au rupt contactul cu cercurile lor de prieteni sau s-au retras din sfera public\u0103. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au existat lesbiene germane care au riscat s\u0103 se opun\u0103 statului nazist din motive politice \u0219i personale. Unele au continuat s\u0103 caute locuri de \u00eent\u00e2lnire clandestine, \u00een special \u00een marile ora\u0219e. Au existat lesbiene care s-au al\u0103turat grupurilor clandestine de rezisten\u021b\u0103 antinaziste sau au ajutat la ascunderea evreilor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Arestarea \u0219i deten\u021bia lesbienelor \u00een lag\u0103rele de concentrare<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Pe baza surselor arhivistice, este clar c\u0103 unele lesbiene au fost arestate \u0219i trimise \u00een lag\u0103rele de concentrare. Care au fost unele dintre motivele arest\u0103rii \u0219i deten\u021biei lor, mai ales av\u00e2nd \u00een vedere c\u0103 rela\u021biile sexuale \u00eentre femei nu erau ilegale sub regimul nazist?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00cen documentele prizonierelor lesbiene, autorit\u0103\u021bile lag\u0103rului enumerau de obicei un motiv rasial, politic, social sau criminal ca fiind cauza principal\u0103 a arest\u0103rii lor. \u00cen c\u00e2teva cazuri, autorit\u0103\u021bile au men\u021bionat \u0219i sexualitatea lor. Acest lucru era valabil \u00een special \u00een cazul arest\u0103rilor provocate de denun\u021buri. Vecinii, membrii familiei \u0219i prietenii uneori dezaprobau \u0219i, prin urmare, denun\u021bau femeile implicate la poli\u021bie. Este posibil ca ace\u0219tia s\u0103 nu fi realizat c\u0103 rela\u021biile sexuale \u00eentre femei nu erau ilegale. \u00cen unele dintre aceste cazuri, poli\u021bia a respins pl\u00e2ngerile deoarece nu aveau temei legal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cu toate acestea, denun\u021burile puteau atrage aten\u021bia nedorit\u0103 asupra lesbienelor. Uneori, un denun\u021b conducea poli\u021bia la descoperirea unor infrac\u021biuni penale. De exemplu, putea dezv\u0103lui leg\u0103turi cu o organiza\u021bie de rezisten\u021b\u0103, prietenii cu evrei sau comportament politic subversiv. \u00cen aceste cazuri, femeile puteau fi arestate \u0219i trimise \u00een lag\u0103re de concentrare.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nu exist\u0103 un num\u0103r clar sau documentat de lesbiene ucise \u00een Holocaust pentru c\u0103 istoria lesbienelor nu a fost documentat\u0103 sistematic de nazi\u0219ti sau de istorici, spre deosebire de b\u0103rba\u021bi homosexualii care au fost urm\u0103ri\u021bi oficial prin legea penal\u0103 nazist\u0103.<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Lucy Salani: o femeie trans care a supravie\u021buit holocaustul <\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"\"
Fotografie din filmul documentar din 2021 \u201eC\u2019\u00e8 un soffio di vita soltanto\u201d (\u201eO suflare de via\u021b\u0103\u201d), regizat de Matteo Botrugno \u0219i Daniele Coluccini, cu Lucy Salani, \u00een v\u00e2rst\u0103 de 95 de ani. Credit: Blue Mirror \u0219i Kimerafilm.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00cenainte de 1933, Germania era un centru al comunit\u0103\u021bii \u0219i culturii LGBT+, cu mai multe organiza\u021bii renumite care serveau \u0219i sprijineau persoanele trans \u0219i cele care nu se conformau normelor de gen. Cu toate acestea, guvernul nazist al lui Hitler a vizat \u00een mod brutal comunitatea trans, deport\u00e2nd multe persoane trans \u00een lag\u0103re de concentrare \u0219i distrug\u00e2nd structurile comunitare dinamice. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dar aceste politici nu au distrus doar idei sau spa\u021bii. Ele au distrus vie\u021bi. Una dintre ele a fost via\u021ba lui Lucy Salani.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lucy Salani (1924-2023) a fost una dintre supravie\u021buitoarele lag\u0103relor de concentrare. Salani s-a n\u0103scut \u00een Fassano, Italia \u0219i a crescut sub numele de Luciano. \u00cen adolescen\u021b\u0103, Salani nu era sigur\u0103 de identitatea sa, informa\u021biile despre clinica lui Hirschfeld \u0219i realiz\u0103rile acesteia nefiind disponibile \u00een Italia lui Mussolini. Salani s-a identificat ca homosexual\u0103, chiar dac\u0103 acest termen nu \u00eei descria experien\u021ba. Homosexualitatea ca infrac\u021biune fusese eliminat\u0103 din codul penal italian din 1889, de\u0219i fasci\u0219tii se comportau adesea ca \u0219i cum ar fi fost \u00eenc\u0103 ilegal\u0103. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00cen august 1943, Salani, \u00een v\u00e2rst\u0103 de 19 ani, a fost chemat\u0103 s\u0103 se \u00eenroleze \u00een armat\u0103. Deoarece homosexualii erau interzi\u0219i \u00een armat\u0103, Salani a recunoscut c\u0103 era homosexual\u0103, dar acest lucru a fost ignorat, deoarece mul\u021bi sus\u021bineau acela\u0219i lucru pentru a evita recrutarea.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salani a fost repartizat\u0103 \u00eentr-o unitate de artilerie. O lun\u0103 mai t\u00e2rziu, Italia s-a predat Alia\u021bilor, Armisti\u021biul de la Cassible. Germania a ocupat rapid cea mai mare parte a Italiei \u0219i a \u00eenfiin\u021bat un stat marionet\u0103, Repubblica Sociale Italiana, cunoscut \u0219i sub numele de Repubblica di Sal\u00f2. Salani, care nu dorea s\u0103 lupte pentru Germania, s-a \u00eembr\u0103cat \u00een haine civile \u0219i s-a \u00eentors pe jos acas\u0103, la Bologna. Familia se temea de represalii, iar Salani s-a ascuns \u00eempreun\u0103 cu un alt dezertor. Cu toate acestea, au fost g\u0103si\u021bi \u0219i b\u0103tu\u021bi, iar Salani a fost \u00eenrolat\u0103 \u00een Wehrmacht \u0219i repartizat\u0103 \u00eentr-o unitate antiaerian\u0103 din suburbia ora\u0219ului Bologna. Dup\u0103 o criz\u0103 de bron\u0219it\u0103, Salani a fost internat\u0103 \u00een spital \u0219i a dezertat din nou, supravie\u021buind \u00een Bologna ca lucr\u0103tor sexual, chiar \u0219i cu Ofi\u021beri germani \u00een calitate de clien\u021bi. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ulterior, Salani a fost condamnat\u0103 la munc\u0103 for\u021bat\u0103 \u00eentr-un lag\u0103r, de peste grani\u021b\u0103, unde lucra la piese pentru rachetele V-1. \u00cempreun\u0103 cu o alt\u0103 de\u021binut\u0103, Salani a evadat. Cu toate acestea, au urcat \u00een trenul gre\u0219it \u0219i au ajuns la Berlin \u00een loc de Italia. C\u00e2nd au fost recapturate, prietena ei a fugit \u0219i a fost \u00eempu\u0219cat\u0103 mortal. \u00cen octombrie 1944, Salani a fost deportat\u0103 \u00een lag\u0103rul de concentrare de la Dachau \u0219i a trebuit s\u0103 poarte un triunghi roz. Salani avea sarcina de a marca cadavrele cu pl\u0103cu\u021be cu numere \u0219i de a le transporta la crematoriu sau la groapa comun\u0103 pe c\u0103ru\u021be. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lag\u0103rul a fost eliberat de trupele americane la 29 aprilie 1945. \u00cen timp ce mul\u021bi de\u021binu\u021bi au fost obliga\u021bi s\u0103 participe la mar\u0219uri ale mor\u021bii departe de lag\u0103r pe m\u0103sur\u0103 ce trupele americane se apropiau, Salani se afla \u00eentr-un grup care a fost aliniat \u0219i mitraliat. Totu\u0219i, ea a supravie\u021buit, fiind lovit\u0103 \u00een picior \u0219i a fost g\u0103sit\u0103 \u00een via\u021b\u0103 sub ni\u0219te de\u021binu\u021bi mor\u021bi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Familia Salani a fost uimit\u0103 de \u00eentoarcerea ei \u0219i a organizat chiar o petrecere pentru a s\u0103rb\u0103tori, dar comportamentele transfobe au continuat. Ea a p\u0103r\u0103sit Bologna, a lucrat o vreme \u00eentr-un spectacol \u0219i a lucrat ca prostituat\u0103. \u00cen Torino a reu\u0219it s\u0103 g\u0103seasc\u0103 de lucru \u00eentr-un magazin de tapi\u021berie care angaja femei, lucru neobi\u0219nuit la acea vreme. Lucy a f\u0103cut c\u0103l\u0103torii la Paris \u0219i a \u00eent\u00e2lnit acolo femei trans. \u00cen anii 1980, a \u00eenso\u021bit dou\u0103 prietene trans la Londra, unde au \u0219i-au f\u0103cut opera\u021bii de afirmare a genului. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salini este singura femeie trans din toat\u0103 Italia care a supravie\u021buit Holocaustului.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nu exist\u0103 un num\u0103r oficial sau estimare credibil\u0103 privind persoanele trans ucise de regimul nazist. Motivele nu \u021bin de invizibilizarea sistematic\u0103 a acestor persoane \u00een documentele vremii.<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n

Aproximativ 50.000 de b\u0103rba\u021bi gay au fost aresta\u021bi, iar \u00eentre 10.000 \u0219i 15.000 au fost deporta\u021bi \u00een lag\u0103re de concentrare, unde mul\u021bi au murit sau au fost supu\u0219i unor experimente medicale inumane. Ace\u0219tia erau eticheta\u021bi cu un triunghi roz, devenit ulterior simbol al persecu\u021biei LGBTQ+.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Regimul a vizat \u0219i popula\u021bia rom\u0103: peste 500.000 de romi au fost deporta\u021bi \u0219i uci\u0219i \u00eentr-un genocid ignorat adesea \u00een discursurile oficiale despre Holocaust. Deport\u0103rile \u0219i asasinatele \u00een mas\u0103 din Transnistria, executate de armata rom\u00e2n\u0103 \u0219i jandarmerie, r\u0103m\u00e2n subiecte dureroase care \u0219i ast\u0103zi sunt minimizate \u00een spa\u021biul public.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Pe 27 ianuarie marc\u0103m Ziua Interna\u021bional\u0103 a Comemor\u0103rii Holocaustului, un moment care ne aminte\u0219te de persecu\u021bia sistematic\u0103 \u0219i distrugerea provocat\u0103…<\/p>","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":9147,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[178],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-9142","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-queer-proud"],"yoast_head":"\nHolocaustul \u0219i victimele uitate: lesbiene, persoane trans \u0219i romi - BANG-BANG<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/bangbang.md\/ru\/2026\/01\/27\/holocaustul-si-victimele-uitate-lesbiene-persoane-trans-si-romi\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ru_RU\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Holocaustul \u0219i victimele uitate: lesbiene, persoane trans \u0219i romi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Pe 27 ianuarie marc\u0103m Ziua Interna\u021bional\u0103 a Comemor\u0103rii Holocaustului, un moment care ne aminte\u0219te de persecu\u021bia sistematic\u0103 \u0219i distrugerea provocat\u0103...\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/bangbang.md\/ru\/2026\/01\/27\/holocaustul-si-victimele-uitate-lesbiene-persoane-trans-si-romi\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"BANG-BANG\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/bangbangmoldova\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2026-01-27T07:50:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-01-27T07:50:59+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/bangbang.md\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/12f5eb11-b36f-48e0-b5bd-af6eea29a01f.jpeg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1024\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"727\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Micleusanu Vasile\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u041d\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u043e \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Micleusanu Vasile\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0447\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"9 \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0442\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/bangbang.md\/2026\/01\/27\/holocaustul-si-victimele-uitate-lesbiene-persoane-trans-si-romi\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/bangbang.md\/2026\/01\/27\/holocaustul-si-victimele-uitate-lesbiene-persoane-trans-si-romi\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Micleusanu Vasile\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/bangbang.md\/#\/schema\/person\/5378c72f5ed47ee2964c4075df5f713d\"},\"headline\":\"Holocaustul \u0219i victimele uitate: lesbiene, persoane trans \u0219i romi\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-01-27T07:50:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-01-27T07:50:59+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/bangbang.md\/2026\/01\/27\/holocaustul-si-victimele-uitate-lesbiene-persoane-trans-si-romi\/\"},\"wordCount\":1602,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/bangbang.md\/#organization\"},\"articleSection\":[\"Queer & Proud\"],\"inLanguage\":\"ru-RU\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/bangbang.md\/2026\/01\/27\/holocaustul-si-victimele-uitate-lesbiene-persoane-trans-si-romi\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/bangbang.md\/2026\/01\/27\/holocaustul-si-victimele-uitate-lesbiene-persoane-trans-si-romi\/\",\"name\":\"Holocaustul \u0219i victimele uitate: lesbiene, persoane trans \u0219i romi - 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