{"id":3255,"date":"2022-10-05T09:51:55","date_gmt":"2022-10-05T09:51:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bangbang.md\/?p=3255"},"modified":"2022-11-01T18:39:08","modified_gmt":"2022-11-01T18:39:08","slug":"octombrie-este-luna-coming-out-ului","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bangbang.md\/ru\/2022\/10\/05\/octombrie-este-luna-coming-out-ului\/","title":{"rendered":"Octombrie este luna coming out-ului: Cum a ap\u0103rut aceast\u0103 mi\u0219care \u0219i de ce este important\u0103"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00cen fiecare an, pe 11 octombrie, comunitatea LGBTQ+ din \u00eentreaga lume celebreaz\u0103 Ziua Interna\u021bional\u0103 a Coming Out-ului. \u00cen acest context, redac\u021bia Bang Bang Moldova a decis s\u0103 dedice luna octombrie acestei mi\u0219c\u0103ri, pentru a echilibra discursul social stereotipizat, cu informa\u021bii ce vin direct de la comunitate. <\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Pe tot parcursul lunii vom scoate din dulap o serie de materiale despre coming out, dar \u0219i istorii ale membrelor \u0219i membrilor comunit\u0103\u021bii LGBTQ+ din Moldova \u0219i nu doar. Am decis c\u0103 ar fi corect s\u0103 \u00eencepem acest maraton cu un material \u00een care s\u0103 explic\u0103m ce este, de fapt, Coming out-ul \u0219i de ce este important. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce \u00eenseamn\u0103 termenul de Coming out?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Coming out-ul  sau \u201eie\u0219irea din dulap\u201d \u00eenseamn\u0103 s\u0103-\u021bi afirmi public orientarea sexual\u0103 sau identitatea de gen \u00eentr-un mod voluntar fa\u021b\u0103 de ceilal\u021bi, c\u00e2t \u0219i de propria persoan\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A fi \u201eout\u201d \u00eenseamn\u0103 a fi deschis \u0219i preg\u0103tit s\u0103 vorbe\u0219ti liber despre orientarea \u0219i\/sau identitatea ta, \u00een timp ce a r\u0103m\u00e2ne \u201ein the closet\u201d  \u00eenseamn\u0103 a p\u0103stra secretul legat de acestea.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Primul pas spre coming out este acceptarea de sine. De cele mai multe ori acest proces este  complex \u0219i \u00eendelungat, deoarece persoanelor LGBTQ+ le este greu s\u0103 se accepte \u00eentr-o lume heteronormativ\u0103, unde mai pui c\u0103 le este fric\u0103 s\u0103 le spun\u0103 familiei sau prietenilor de teama de a nu fi respin\u0219i. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Coming out-ul mai poate fi \u00een\u021beles ca un proces ce are loc din necesitatea sau dorin\u021ba persoanele LGBT de a tr\u0103i liber de fric\u0103, \u0219i prin care vor s\u0103 fie tratate la fel ca cele heterosexuale sau cisgen. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cum a \u00eenceput totul?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Persoanele queer dintotdeauna au fost nevoite s\u0103 fac\u0103 coming out \u00een culturile \u00een care rela\u021biile homosexuale nu sunt considerate normale ca \u0219i cele heterosexuale. La sf\u00e2r\u0219itul secolului al XIX-lea \u0219i \u00eenceputul secolului al XX-lea, subcultura homosexual\u0103 a prosperat \u00een multe ora\u0219e mari americane. B\u0103rba\u021bii homosexuali au \u00eenceput s\u0103 vorbeasc\u0103 \u0219i s\u0103 fac\u0103 \u201ecoming out\u201d \u00een societate. Totu\u0219i, practicile homosexuale au fost oprimate \u00een primii ani ai secolului trecut \u0219i ca r\u0103spuns, via\u021ba membrelor \u0219i membrilor comunit\u0103\u021bii a devenit mai secret\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Societatea Mattachine, fondat\u0103 \u00een 1950,  a fost una dintre primele organiza\u021bii na\u021bionale pentru drepturile homosexualilor din Statele Unite. Numele organiza\u021biei nu este \u00eent\u00e2mpl\u0103tor, el se refer\u0103 la grupul francez de muzic\u0103 medieval\u0103 \u0219i renascentist\u0103, membrii c\u0103ruia purtau m\u0103\u0219ti. Fondatorul organiza\u021biei, Harry Hay, a declarat \u00eentr-un interviu \u00een anul 1976 \u201eam luat numele de Mattachine pentru c\u0103 am sim\u021bit c\u0103 noi homosexualii din 1950, eram ca un popor mascat, necunoscut \u0219i anonim, care s-ar putea angaja \u00een ridicarea moralului \u0219i \u00een a ne ajuta pe noi \u00een\u0219ine \u0219i pe al\u021bii, prin lupt\u0103, s\u0103 ne \u00eendrept\u0103m spre o remediere  \u0219i o schimbare total\u0103\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"
Membrii societ\u0103\u021bii Mattachine
Sursa imagine: wikipedia.org<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

Pentru b\u0103rba\u021bii gay din acea vreme, \u201eie\u015firea\u201d \u00eensemna recunoa\u015fterea orient\u0103rii sexuale fa\u0163\u0103 de sine \u015fi fa\u0163\u0103 de ceilal\u0163i homosexuali. O astfel de practic\u0103 selectiv\u0103 se baza pe fraze de cod, cum ar fi \u201efamilie\u201d, \u201emembru al clubului\u201d, \u201eun prieten de-al lui Dorothy\u201d, \u201eun prieten al doamnei King\u201d sau \u201egay\u201d. Aceste nume de cod erau folosite \u00een situa\u021bii sociale pentru a desemna pe cineva ca fiind homosexual.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Termenul \u201egay\u201d a fost \u00eemprumutat ini\u021bial din argoul femeilor prostituate. Acestea foloseau acest cuv\u00e2nt pentru a se referi la femeile din profesia lor. \u00cen cele din urm\u0103 termenul \u201egay\u201d a fost dezv\u0103luit atunci c\u00e2nd mi\u0219carea pentru drepturile homosexualilor l-a adoptat \u00een urma rebeliunii de la Stonewall din 1969.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Coming out pentru o lume \u00eentreag\u0103<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Coming out-ul a devenit o mi\u0219care r\u0103sp\u00e2ndit\u0103 \u0219i un manifest al persoanelor homosexuale dup\u0103 Rebeliunea Stonewall din 1969. Atunci c\u00e2nd poli\u021bia a f\u0103cut o razie la Stonewall Inn, un bar situat \u00een Greenwich Village din New York City, care servea drept refugiu pentru comunitatea de homosexuali, lesbiene \u0219i transsexuali din ora\u0219.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00cen acea vreme practicile homosexuale erau considerate ilegale. Raidurile poli\u021biei \u00een barurile gay erau frecvente, dar \u00een acea noapte de var\u0103 din 1969, membrii comunit\u0103\u021bii LGBTQ din ora\u0219 au decis s\u0103 riposteze, declan\u0219\u00e2nd o revolt\u0103 care avea s\u0103 lanseze o nou\u0103 er\u0103 de rezisten\u021b\u0103 \u0219i revolu\u021bie.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"
Sursa imagine: google images<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

Declararea homosexualit\u0103\u021bii a c\u0103p\u0103tat o semnifica\u021bie politic\u0103 ce au dus la revolte \u0219i o rezisten\u021b\u0103 care a durat zile \u00eentregi. Ulterior, aceste ac\u021biuni au fost comemorate printr-un mar\u0219 anual cunoscut ast\u0103zi sub numele de Pride.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La primul mar\u0219 de eliberare a homosexualilor din New York, \u00een iunie 1970, unul dintre organizatori a declarat c\u0103 \u201enu vom avea niciodat\u0103 libertatea \u0219i drepturile civile pe care le merit\u0103m ca fiin\u021be umane dac\u0103 nu vom \u00eenceta s\u0103 ne ascundem \u00een dulapuri\u201d. <\/em>\u00cen acel moment, ie\u0219irea din anonimat era un act de curaj, iar a fi \u00een dulap \u00eensemna s\u0103 tr\u0103ie\u0219ti \u00een fric\u0103 \u0219i neaccpetare. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201eIe\u0219i\u021bi, ie\u0219i\u021bi, oriunde v-a\u021bi afla\u201d<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u00cen anii ce au urmat, coming out-ul a fost prezentat ca o modalitate de a pune cap\u0103t urii de sine internalizat\u0103 \u0219i de a ob\u021bine o via\u021b\u0103 mai bun\u0103. Mi\u0219carea LGBTQ+ a contribuit la \u00eencurajarea membrelor \u0219i membrilor s\u0103 ias\u0103 \u00een eviden\u021b\u0103, \u00een ciuda riscurilor. De asemenea, mi\u0219carea a ar\u0103tat cum poate fi folosit\u0103 pentru a construi solidaritate \u0219i a inspira alte persoane queer.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"
Sursa imagine: wikipedia.org<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

\u00cen 1978, politicianul \u0219i activistul Harvey Milk, \u00een campania sa \u00eempotriva unei ini\u021biative californiene care ar fi interzis profesorilor homosexuali s\u0103 lucreze \u00een \u0219colile publice de stat, i-a \u00eendemnat pe oameni s\u0103 ias\u0103 \u0219i s\u0103 lupte pentru drepturile lor. \u201eIe\u0219i\u021bi, ie\u0219i\u021bi, oriunde v-a\u021bi afla\u201d<\/em>, a aclamat el. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Milk a mizat pe faptul c\u0103, dac\u0103 persoanele homosexuale le-ar fi spus prietenilor lor c\u0103 sunt gay, californienii ar fi realizat c\u0103 au prieteni, colegi de munc\u0103 \u0219i membri ai familiei care sunt gay \u0219i din solidaritate s-ar fi opus propunerii. Ini\u021biativa lui a izbutit \u00een cele din urm\u0103. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au urmat apoi ani \u201880, atunci c\u00e2nd mi\u0219carea pentru drepturile homosexualilor \u0219i lesbienelor a devenit \u0219i mai vocal\u0103 ca r\u0103spuns la dreapta cre\u0219tin\u0103 \u0219i la epidemia de SIDA. Activi\u0219tii au folosit sloganul \u201eIe\u0219i afar\u0103, ie\u0219i afar\u0103, oriunde te-ai afla!\u201d, <\/em>pentru a cere ca oamenii s\u0103 \u00ee\u0219i declare homosexualitatea. Coming out-ul a devenit un ritual de trecere, un act de curaj ce trebuie \u00eemp\u0103rt\u0103\u0219it cu ceilal\u021bi \u0219i mi\u0219carea central\u0103 de eliberare a persoanelor LGBTQ+. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Celebrarea Zile Interna\u021bionale a Coming Out-ului a fost propus\u0103 \u0219i promovat\u0103 pentru prima dat\u0103 \u00een 1988, de c\u0103tre Robert Eichberg, un psiholog din New Mexico, \u00eempreun\u0103 cu partenerul s\u0103u William Gamble \u0219i de c\u0103tre Jean O\u2019Leary, o activist\u0103 pentru drepturile LGBT din Los Angeles. \u00cen doar doi ani aceasta a ajuns sa fie celebrat\u0103 \u00een toate cele 50 state americane \u0219i \u00een \u0219apte alte \u021b\u0103ri.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un nou val a mi\u0219c\u0103rii Coming out<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Anii \u201890 au adus un nou suflu mi\u0219c\u0103rii coming out. Organiza\u021bii radicale ca Queer Nation purtau tricouri \u00een culori aprinse cu sloganuri precum \u201ePROMOVEZ HOMOSEXUALITATEA. QUEER GENERIC. POPONAR. LESBIAN\u0102 MILITANT\u0102\u201d.<\/em> <\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"
Sursa imagine: google images<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

Membrii organiza\u021biei intrau \u00een baruri heterosexuale din New York \u0219i San Francisco \u0219i organizau \u201eKiss-ins\u201d, o form\u0103 pa\u0219nic\u0103 de protest \u00een care persoanele LGBTQ+ se s\u0103rutau pentru a-\u0219i demonstra orientarea sexual\u0103 \u0219i a protesta \u00eempotriva homofobiei. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dar ac\u021biunile lor nu s-au oprit aici. Ei vizitau centre comerciale suburbane din afara ora\u0219elor \u0219i scandau: \u201eSuntem aici, suntem poponari, suntem fabulo\u0219i – \u0219i nu mergem la cump\u0103r\u0103turi!\u201d<\/em>. Prin asta, nu numai c\u0103 au ie\u0219it \u00een eviden\u021b\u0103, dar au for\u021bat persoanele heterosexuale s\u0103 le recunoasc\u0103 existen\u021ba.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Acest demers, pe alocuri radical, a ie\u0219irii \u00een eviden\u021b\u0103 a contribuit la cre\u0219terea vizibilit\u0103\u021bii persoanelor LGBTQ+ \u0219i a dus la \u00eenceputul anilor 2000 la o mai bun\u0103 protec\u021bie juridic\u0103. \u00cen timpurile noastre homofobia \u0219i transfobia nu au disp\u0103rut. Cu toate astea persoanele LGBTQ+ din statele democratice se pot bucura de un grad de acceptare mai mare, iar \u00een zonele lumii \u00een care actele homosexuale sunt sanc\u021bionate sau interzise, coming out-ul este un exemplu puternic a felului \u00een care se produce schimbare social\u0103. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Coming out-ul \u00een Republica Moldova<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u00cen \u021bara noastr\u0103 mi\u0219carea LGBTQ+ a \u00eenceput s\u0103 ia contur dup\u0103 destr\u0103marea URSS. Centrul de Informa\u0163ii \u201eGENDERDOC-M\u201d(GDM), prima organiza\u021bie care sus\u021bine \u00een mod deschis drepturile comunit\u0103\u021bii, este fondat\u0103 \u00een anul 1998. \u00centr-un interviu pentru Ziarul de Gard\u0103, activistul LGBT Alexei Marcicov, spune c\u0103 primele manifesta\u021bii publice ale comunit\u0103\u021bii aveau drept scop s\u0103 fac\u0103 comunitatea vizibil\u0103. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201eSocietatea nu \u0219tia \u00eenc\u0103 cine sunt gayi, lesbienele, bisexualii, transgenderii. Trebuia s\u0103 le ar\u0103t\u0103m c\u0103 nu avem coarne, c\u0103 nu suntem cu cinci bra\u021be sau cu patru picioare<\/em>\u201d, a declarat el. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Din 2014 p\u00e2n\u0103 azi, centrul GDM organizeaz\u0103 evenimentul Zilele Coming Out. \u00cen acest an organizatorii au preg\u0103titi un \u0219ir de evenimente prin care \u00ee\u0219i propun s\u0103 celebreze \u201elibertatea de a fi ceea ce suntem\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201eComing Out Days Fest sunt c\u00e2teva zile \u00een care ne onor\u0103m \u00een mod deosebit identit\u0103\u021bile \u0219i povestim despre puterea ie\u0219irii din dulap.Fie c\u0103 sunte\u021bi lesbian\u0103, gay, persoan\u0103 bisexual\u0103, persoan\u0103 transgen sau queer, fi\u021bi m\u00e2ndri de cine sunte\u021bi \u0219i sus\u021bine\u021bi egalitatea LGBT+ \u00een s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2na Coming Out Days Fest.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u0103 a\u0219tept\u0103m cu drag\u201d <\/em>au ad\u0103ugat ei.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Sursa imagine: https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/gdm.md<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Programul poate fi v\u0103zut aici. <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Indiferent de schimb\u0103rile pe care le poate produce coming out-ul \u00een via\u021ba membrelor \u0219i membrilor comunit\u0103\u021bii LGBTQ+, un lucru r\u0103m\u00e2ne sigur. Fiecare decide c\u00e2nd este gata s\u0103 fac\u0103 acest pas. Din p\u0103cate \u00een \u021bara noastr\u0103, persoanele LGBTQI+, care \u00ee\u0219i fac coming out-ul pot s\u0103 se supun\u0103 unor riscuri multiple. Iat\u0103 de ce este important s\u0103 fii preg\u0103tit emo\u021bional pentru acest pas. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prin asumarea public\u0103 a orient\u0103rii sexuale \u0219i a identit\u0103\u021bii de gen putem contribui la diminuarea stigmatiz\u0103rii, marginaliz\u0103rii sociale \u0219i discrimin\u0103rii persoanelor LGBTQI+, dar nu trebuie s\u0103 uit\u0103m de pre\u021bul pe care \u00eel putem pl\u0103ti. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Coming out-ul poate fi un catalizator al schimb\u0103rilor percep\u021biilor \u0219i atitudinilor negative legate de comunitatea queer. Dar dup\u0103 cum s-a v\u0103zut, nu exist\u0103 un mod anume prin care po\u021bi faci coming out-ul. Este important c\u0103 acest proces s\u0103 fie asumat \u0219i s\u0103 se \u00eent\u00e2mple dup\u0103 propriile tale reguli, lu\u00e2nd \u00een calcul c\u0103 acest proces dureaz\u0103 toat\u0103 via\u021ba. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Surse: <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

  1. https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/000312240607100502<\/a><\/em><\/li>
  2. https:\/\/www.apa.org\/pi\/lgbt\/resources\/history <\/a><\/em><\/li>
  3. https:\/\/time.com\/4975404\/national-coming-out-day-closet-metaphor-history\/<\/a><\/em><\/li>
  4. https:\/\/www.oah.org\/tah\/issues\/2019\/may\/queer-history\/<\/a><\/em><\/li><\/ol>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    \u00cen fiecare an, pe 11 octombrie, comunitatea LGBTQ+ din \u00eentreaga lume celebreaz\u0103 Ziua Interna\u021bional\u0103 a Coming Out-ului. \u00cen acest context,…<\/p>","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":3274,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[179,177,178,180],"tags":[251,334,197,297,207],"class_list":["post-3255","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-lumea-noastra","category-noutati","category-queer-proud","category-sunt-aici","tag-bisexualitate","tag-coming-out","tag-lgbtq","tag-pride","tag-queer"],"yoast_head":"\nOctombrie este luna coming out-ului: Cum a ap\u0103rut aceast\u0103 mi\u0219care \u0219i de ce este important\u0103<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u00cen fiecare an, pe 11 octombrie, comunitatea LGBTQ+ din \u00eentreaga lume celebreaz\u0103 Ziua Interna\u021bional\u0103 a Coming 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